E ai ki ngā tatauranga, ka eke ki te 302 miriona waka a Haina i te Hakihea 2021. Kua āta whakaratohia e te mākete kaihoko mutunga te tono pakari ki ngā kākahu waka ngaro i te mea kei te piki haere tonu te maha o ngā waka me te piki haere tonu o te tono mō te tiaki peita. I te aroaro o te mākete kaihoko e whānui haere ana, kei te wera haere te whakataetae i waenga i ngā pakihi kākahu waka ngaro. Ko te ia o nāianei ko te whakataetae iti-mutunga e aro ana ki te utu, ko te whakataetae teitei-mutunga e aro ana ki ngā paepae hangarau.
Te mea ngaro o te paparanga wai-whakaaro o te kiriata tiaki (1)
Nā te mea he ōrite ngā hua o ēnei rā, ko te whāinga matua o te pakanga utu he whara i te hoa whawhai mā te mano, ā, he ngaro atu i te waru rau. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hangarau hou hei kimi huarahi, hei whakatū hoki i te rerekētanga o ngā hua ka taea ai e tātou te hopu i ngā whai wāhitanga mākete hou.
Kia aro ki te hangarau hou o te paninga koti motuka, kia mau ki te ekenga ahumahi.
E mōhio ana tātou katoa, he ātete-rakuraku, he ātete-roimata, me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te uhi waka. I ahu mai ēnei āhuatanga i te papa TPU o te uhi waka. He pai te tiaki a te uhi waka rauemi TPU i te mata peita, ā, he roa te wā e whakamahia ana. Ko tētahi atu mahi matua o te uhi waka ko te horoi-ā-ia anō, te whakatika-ā-ia anō, me te whakakanapa-nui. I ahu mai ēnei mahi i te paninga i runga i te mata o te papa TPU. Ko te kounga o taua paparanga ehara i te mea ko te mahi horoi-ā-ia anō anake te mea e whakatau ana i te āhua o te waka. Nō reira, ina hoko ngā kaihoko i ngā kākahu waka hei pupuri i te āhua o ia rā o te waka, ka aro nui rātou ki te mahi horoi-ā-ia anō o te paninga.
He rerekētanga i waenga i te tata me te tawhiti, ā, he pono ake te uhi waka paninga hydrophobic!
He maha ngā uhi waka kāore e kitea e pānuitia ana he mahi horoi-ā-koe anō tā rātou, engari he pātai kei te pā ki te pānga. Ahakoa he maha ngā toa kiriata e hiahia ana kia āwhinahia mātou ki te mārama. He momo uhi waka kāore e kitea, he momo uhi wai-ā-koe, he momo uhi wai-ā-koe. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tēnei rerekētanga piripono.
I te whakamahinga o te waka, i kitea e ētahi rangatira waka he pango, he mā rānei ngā ira ua i runga i te mata o te waka e kore e kitea, ā, i te wā e mimiti ana te wai, ka puta ake he ira ua pango, he ira mā rānei, he rite ki te pikitia i raro nei.
E ai ki ngā kaimātai o te umanga, ko te take matua mō tēnei he koretake te paninga o te uhi waka, nō reira ka piri ngā pata wai ki te uhi waka, ā, kāore e rere ki raro. Ina mimiti te wai, ka puta he tohu wai, he paru wai, he wāhi ua hoki i ngā toenga matū. Mehemea kāore i te rawaka te kiato o te paninga. I roto i taua āhuatanga, ka uru atu hoki ngā toenga matū ki roto i te kiriuhi, ka hua ake he paru ua kāore e taea te muru, te horoi rānei, ka tino whakaiti i te roa o te mahi a te kiriuhi.
He wai-aroha, he wai-whakaaroha rānei te paninga o te koti waka? He aha te rerekētanga o tēnei?
I mua i tā tātou ako ki te wehewehe, me mārama tuatahi tātou ki te ariā o te wai-aroha me te wai-whakahē.
Mā te tirohanga matawhānui, ko te koki pā i waenga i te pata wai me te mata o te kiriuhi ka whakatau mēnā he wai-ā-wai, he wai-ā-wai rānei. Ko te koki pā i raro iho i te 90° he wai-ā-wai, ko te koki pā i raro iho i te 10° he wai-ā-wai rawa, ko te koki pā nui atu i te 90° he wai-ā-wai, ā, ko te koki pā nui atu i te 150° he wai-ā-wai rawa.
Te mea ngaro o te paparanga wai-whakahē o te kiriata tiaki (2) Mō te paninga o te taupoki motuka, mēnā ka puta he pānga horoi-ā-koe. He otinga whaihua tēnei i roto i te ariā, ahakoa he whakapai ake i te wai-whakahē, te wai-whakahē rānei. Ko te pānga horoi-ā-koe, i tētahi atu taha, ka tino pai anake ina iti iho i te 10 nekehanga te koki whakapā wai-whakahē, ā, kāore e hiahiatia kia nui rawa te whakanui i te mata wai-whakahē kia puta ai he pānga horoi-ā-koe pai.
Kua whakahaerehia e ētahi pakihi ngā whakamātautau tatauranga. Ko te nuinga o ngā paninga waka kei te mākete i ēnei rā he paninga wai-aroha. I taua wā anō, kua kitea kāore e taea e ngā paninga paninga waka o ēnei rā te eke ki te wai-aroha tino pai o te 10°, ā, ko te nuinga o ngā koki whakapā he 80°-85°, ko te koki whakapā iti rawa he 75°.
Nō reira, tērā pea ka pai ake te pānga horoi-ā-iwi o te uhi waka wai-ā-wai o te mākete. Nā te mea, i muri i te tāpiri i te uhi waka kore-ā-wai-ā-wai, ka nui ake te wāhi o te tinana e pā ana ki te paru i ngā rā ua, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā paru me te piri ki te mata peita, he mea uaua ki te horoi.
E ai ki ngā tohunga, he māmā ake, he iti ake hoki te utu o te tukanga whakaputa i ngā paninga hydrophilic i ērā o ngā paninga hydrophobic. He rerekē, me whakauru ngā paninga hydrophobic i ngā kai nano-hydrophobic oleophobic, ā, he tino uaua ngā whakaritenga tukanga, kāore e taea e te nuinga o ngā kamupene te whakatutuki—nō reira te rongonui o te koti wira wai.
Heoi anō, he painga motuhake tō te uhi waka ā-wai hei whakatika i te raruraru o te pānga horoi-kore o ngā uhi waka kāore e kitea, nā te mea he rite tonu te pānga o te paninga ā-wai ki te pānga rau rētihi.
Ko te mea ngaro o te paparanga wai-whakaaro o te kiriata tiaki (3) Ko te pānga o te rau rōhi, i muri i te ua, ko te āhua moroiti me te ware pi i runga i te mata o te rau rōhi ka ārai i ngā pata wai kei horapa me te mimiti ki runga i te mata o te rau, engari ka hanga he pata wai. I taua wā anō, ka tangohia te puehu me te paru mai i ngā rau.
Te mea ngaro o te paparanga wai-whakaaro o te kiriata tiaki (4)
Ina whakatakotoria ki runga i te koti waka hydrophobic, ka whakaaturia ina taka te wai ua ki runga i te mata o te kiriuhi, ka hanga he pata wai nā te taumahatanga o te mata o te paninga hydrophobic. Ka paheke noa atu ngā pata wai ka wehe atu i te mata o te kiriuhi nā te kaha o te kaha. Ka taea hoki e ngā pata wai hurihuri te tango i te puehu me te paru mai i te mata o te kiriuhi, ka hanga he pānga horoi-ake.
Me pēhea te wehewehe mēnā he hydrophilic, he hydrophobic rānei te paninga o te motuka?
E rua ngā huarahi matua:
1. Whakamahia ngā taputapu ngaio hei ine i te koki whakapā.
2. Ka hurihia te wai puta noa i te mata o te kiriuhi hei aromatawai tuatahi.
Ka mimiti ngāwari ngā pata wai ki runga i te mata wai-ā-roto noa. Kāore ngā pata wai e puta ki runga i te mata wai-ā-roto. Ko te mata anake ka makuku; ka puta hoki ngā pata wai ki runga i ngā mata wai-ā-roto, engari ka rere i te kaha o te kaha ā-papa. , ka huihui, ka rere atu, ka noho maroke tonu te mata, ā, ka kaha ake te pānga wai-ā-roto.
Nō reira, ina whakatakotoria te wai ki runga i te uhi o te motuka, ka puta he kirikiri marara, he uaua ki te rere, ā, ko te nuinga he paninga wai-ā-wai. Ka huihui ngā pata wai ka rere atu, ka kitea te mata, e kapi ana i te nuinga o te wā i ngā paninga wai-ā-wai-ā-wai.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-15-2022
