E hia ngā nekehanga ka taea te whakaiti i te hanga kiriata? He aha ngā pātai tūturu ko te wera, te whakamarie, me te penapena pūngao

Kupu Whakataki

He tokomaha tonu te hunga e pātai ana i te pātai kotahi ina whakaarohia ana te hanga kiriata: e hia ngā nekehanga ka heke iho. He pātai tūturu tēnā, engari he pātai kāore anō kia oti. Ko te pānga wera okiriata matapihi whakahaere rāe whakawhirinaki ana ki te āhuarangi, te momo karaihe, te horahanga matapihi, te aronga, me te kawenga whakamatao me te whakamahana o te whare, nō reira kāore he hekenga pāmahana whānui e pā ana ki ia kaupapa. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mō ngā kiriata whakahaere rā me aromatawai i tō rātou uara ā-tau i roto i te horopaki, kaua i runga i te tau kotahi.

He aha i kore ai he hekenga pāmahana pumau mō te kiriata hanga whare

Kāore te kiriata whare e whakaheke i te pāmahana rūma i roto i te korehau. Ka rerekē te whanonga o te hua kotahi i runga i te rangi, te rā tika, te horahanga karāhe, me te nui o te wera e tomo ana ki roto i te whare. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau o ngā kiriata whakahaere rā i ngā huringa mahi puta noa i ngā momo whare me ngā āhuarangi, ā, ko ētahi kiriata ka whakaiti i te hiahia whakamatao me te whakanui ake i te hiahia whakamahana i ngā wā makariri.

Koia te take kāore i te tino pakari ngā kupu whakaari tika pēnei i te whakahekenga o te pāmahana 5°C, 8°C, 10°C rānei. Ahakoa he pai te mahi a te kiriata i roto i te whare wera, he whare e whakamatao ana, he iti ake te hua i roto i te āhuarangi whakauru, i roto rānei i te whare he iti ake te whakaaturanga o te karaihe. I kitea i roto i tētahi rangahau mō tētahi take hōtēra kua heke te whakapaunga pūngao katoa mā te 2%, ā, i roto i tētahi atu rangahau i puta ko te penapena pūngao whakamatao i waenga i te 3.4% ki te 6.4% i runga i te horopaki whakahou.

Ehara i te mea ko te pāmahana anake te taurangi: Ko te wera o te rā te mea tino take

Ehara te take i te tau kei runga i te inemahana. Ko te nui o te hihi o te rā e uru ana mā roto i te karāhe. He mea hanga ngā kiriata whakahaere rā hei whakaiti i te pikinga o te hihi o te rā, te kanapa, me te pānga o te UV, koia te take e whakamahia pinepine ai hei whakapai ake i te whakamarie wera me te whakaiti i te hiahia whakamatao. I roto i tētahi rangahau take, i whakaitihia e te kiriata whakahaere rā te pikinga o te wera mā roto i ngā matapihi mā te 55%.

Koinei anō te take kāore ngā hua pai rawa atu i te tino pōuri. Ko ētahi kiriata ka hangaia mā roto i ngā paparanga whatu me te hangarau paninga hei whakakore i te pūngao o te rā, me te pupuri tonu i te māramatanga me te kounga o te tirohanga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau mō ngā tono hanga whare ko te mahi a te kiriata he whakahaere i te kawenga o te rā e uru mai ana, ehara i te mea ko te whakapōuri noa i te karāhe.

He aha te mea e whakatau ana i te pānga whakamatao tūturu o te kiriata hanga whare

Ko te pānga whakamatao e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūnaha whare katoa. Ko te rahi o te matapihi, te aronga, te atarangi, te āhuarangi, me te mahi HVAC ka pā ki te hua. E kī ana tētahi pūrongo mai i te Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory he nui ake te kaha o te kiriata whakahaere pūngao rā ki te penapena pūngao i roto i ngā āhuarangi mahana ake, i roto i ngā whare e nui ana te kawenga whakamatao, me ngā wāhi e nui ana te horapa o te matapihi me te pānga o te rā.

Koia te take e rua ngā kaupapa e whakamahi ana i te kiriata kotahi ka puta he hua rerekē. Ko te kiriata whakahaere pūngao rā i roto i te tari e anga ana ki te hauauru me te karaihe nui ka puta he hua rerekē i te kiriata kotahi i roto i te rūma iti e anga ana ki te raki me te iti o te pānga o te rā. I roto i ngā rangahau mara me te whakatauira, he rerekē te whakahekenga pāmahana o roto me te penapena HVAC i runga i te hoahoa whare me te āhuarangi, koia tonu te take me arotake e ngā kaihoko te take whakamahinga kaua e tono mo te tau kotahi.

He aha i rerekē ai te āhua o ngā rūma e rua i te pāmahana kotahi, arā, 26°C?

Kāore te pāmahana o te hau e whakatauhia ana e te whakamarie wera anake. Ko te pāmahana o te mata matapihi, te wera hihi mai i te karāhe, te pānga o te rā, me te mahi a te tangata e hanga ana i te āhua o te rūma. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau whakamarie tawhito ka taea e ngā mata matapihi mahana ake te huri i te pāmahana e tino pai ai te tangata, ahakoa he rite te pāmahana o te hau i runga i te pepa.

Koia te take ka rerekē rawa te āhua o ngā wāhi e rua i te 26°C kotahi. Tērā pea ka marino te āhua o tētahi rūma nā te mea he mātao ake te mata karaihe, ā, he iti ake te kawenga o te rā. Tērā pea ka kore e pai tētahi atu nā te mea kei te wera te rohe taha i te rā tika, ā, kei te hanga i te kore e pai. I roto i tētahi rangahau tari, i kīia ko ngā wāhi kei roto he kiriata matapihi he 2°C ki te 5°C te mātao ake i roto, e whakaatu ana ko te whakamarie e kitea ana me te whakahekenga pāmahana tuturu he maha ngā wā ka neke tahi, engari kāore i te ōrite te āhua.

He mea nui anō hoki te taha tirohanga. Mā te whakaiti i te kanapa ka pai ake te noho tata o te tangata ki te matapihi, koinei tētahi o ngā take e whakamahia ai ngā kiriata whakahaere o te rā hei whakapai ake i te mahi wera me te mahi awatea i roto i ngā whare whaihua.

Engari i te pātai mō te maha o ngā nekehanga, pātai atu mō te nui o te wera e whakaitihia ana, te whakapai ake i te whakamarie, me te nui o te pūngao e penapenahia ana.

Koinei te pātai arumoni tika mā ngā kaihoko. Me aromatawai te kiriata i runga i te nui o te wera o te rā e āraihia ana e ia, te nui o te kanapa me te kore whakamarie e whakaitihia ana, me te nui o te pūngao HVAC e penapenahia ana i roto i te tau. I roto i ngā rangahau puta noa i ngā momo whare rerekē, kua whakaitihia e ngā kiriata whakahaere rā te hiahia whakamatao, kua whakapai ake i te whakamarie wera, ā, kua whakaitihia te kore whakamarie o roto, engari ka rerekē te rahi o te painga me te āhuarangi me te hoahoa o te whare.

Koia te take e kōrero ai ngā kaiwhakarato pono rawa atu i runga i ngā raraunga mahi, kaua i te kupu whakaari pāmahana pumau. Me taea e te kaihanga kiriata hanga pai te whakamārama i te whakaiti i te kaha o te rā, te tuku mārama e kitea ana, te whakahaere i te kanapa, me ngā āhuatanga e pai ai te mahi a te hua. Ko ngā kaihoko e pātai ana i aua pātai he pai ake te tūnga ki te whiriwhiri i te hua tika mō te kaupapa tika.

Kāore he taurangi whānui mō te kiriata hanga whare ka taea te whakaheke. Ko te hua ka whakawhirinaki ki te āhuarangi, te horahanga o te karāhe, te aronga, te atarangi, me ngā āhuatanga HVAC, koia te take he whānui ake te aromatawai tika i te pāmahana anake. Ko ngā pātai pai ake ko te nui o te wera ka whakaitihia, te nui o te whakamarie ka pai ake, me te nui o te pūngao ka penapenahia. Mō te ponokaiwhakarato kiriata mōkai, koinei te uara pakihi tūturu o tētahi kiriata whakahaere rā kua hoahoatia pai.

Ngā Puna / Ngā Tohutoro

1.Moretti, E., et al. 2015. Aromatawai i te kaha, te wera, me te mahi whakamārama i te rā o ngā kiriata whakahaere rā i roto i ngā matapihi karāhe kotahi.

2. Bahadori-Jahromi, A., et al. 2017. Ngā Pānga o ngā Kiriata Matapihi ki te Whakamahinga Pūngao Katoa o tētahi Hōtera.

3.Sedaghat, A., et al. 2021. Ngā Pānga o ngā Kiriata Matapihi ki ngā Āhuatanga Rā-Whare me te Whakamahinga Hiko Ā-Hauora o ngā Whare.

4.Huang, HY, et al. 2024. Aromatawai i ngā Pānga o ngā Kiriata Matapihi ki te Taiao o Roto me te Whakapaunga Hiko o ngā Whare e Whakamātao ana i te Hau.